| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
|---|
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"young | face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"je|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as? |
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?es? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, jes? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 162, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots; within Turkic hardly distinguishable from *ja:l/ 'green vegetables; green', but historically different). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to lie, to sleep | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåæàòü, ñïàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"d/at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"syt- | face="Times New Roman Star"hyt- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaht- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 884, ÝÑÒß 4, 156-158, Stachowski 120. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foreign(er) | face="Times New Roman Star"÷óæîé, èíîñòðàííûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t | face="Times New Roman Star"jat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jad | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:t | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jat, d/at |
|
|
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at | face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"jat |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 192, ÝÑÒß 4, 158-159, Ëåêñèêà 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|ad, Kalm. zad (KW 462, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to write | face="Times New Roman Star"ïèñàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (MK Oghuz.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- |
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr- |
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jad|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az-, zaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ÝÑÒß 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. i/r- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 spring 2 summer | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåñíà 2 ëåòî | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz (AH 1, Ettuhf. 2) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas, d/as 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/or 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jad| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"zaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ÝÑÒß 4, 71, EDT 982, Ëåêñèêà 73, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 138-139, Stachowski 100. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to eat | face="Times New Roman Star"åñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"je- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je-, je.- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|im 'food' | face="Times New Roman Star"je- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"- | face="Times New Roman Star"ji- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"ij- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:- | face="Times New Roman Star"d/e- | face="Times New Roman Star"jie:- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/i- | face="Times New Roman Star"sie- | face="Times New Roman Star"hie- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eje- (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ji- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 194, EDT 869-70, ÝÑÒß 1, 333-335, Stachowski 102. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)e:p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 be on one's way 2 send | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áûòü â ïóòè 2 ïîñûëàòü |
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?ibe|r- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ibe|r-, jubo|r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ebe|r- 2 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"i:ber- 2 |
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jabal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:p- 1 |
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|iber- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?iber- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jiber- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jebe|r- 2 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jeber- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?iber- |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 322-324, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 198. The explanation < *y:d-bar- 'lead and take' is clearly unsatisfactory. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je.t(t)i | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"seven | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåìü | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jedi | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ide | face="Times New Roman Star"jeddi: (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jetti | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"tti | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti, jiti, z?|eta" | face="Times New Roman Star"jeddi | face="Times New Roman Star"jedi | face="Times New Roman Star"c?itt@ | face="Times New Roman Star"c?etti | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti | face="Times New Roman Star"jieti, ja"tti (< Az.?) | face="Times New Roman Star"s/iz?|@ | face="Times New Roman Star"sette | face="Times New Roman Star"hette | face="Times New Roman Star"c?edi | face="Times New Roman Star"c?edi | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eti | face="Times New Roman Star"z?eti | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti | face="Times New Roman Star"jete | face="Times New Roman Star"jeti, z?|eti, z?eti | face="Times New Roman Star"jedi | face="Times New Roman Star"jedi | face="Times New Roman Star"z?eti | face="Times New Roman Star"jitti | face="Times New Roman Star"jetti | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 886, VEWT 199, ÝÑÒß 4, 167-168, TMN 4, 139, Stachowski 102. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 demon, evil spirit 2 bad, evil 3 to hate, despise 4 to scold | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåìîí, çëîé äóõ 2 ïëîõîé, îòâðàòèòåëüíûé 3 íåíàâèäåòü, ïðåçèðàòü 4 áðàíèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik 2, z?|iker- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (AH), 2 (Pav. C.), jigir- 3 (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"kla"- 3, z?|ekir- 4 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3, jek (dial.) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek, d/ek 1, 2, jikir- 3 |
|
|
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek 2, z?|ekte- 3, z?|ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 2, jeker- 3 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, VEWT 194, ÝÑÒß 4, 170-171, 173-174. Loan from Prakr. yakkha (through some unattested Sogdian intermediary) cannot be excluded, but also cannot be ascertained. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|ikir- 'hate, abhor'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jEk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to harness | face="Times New Roman Star"çàïðÿãàòü |
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, d/ek- |
|
|
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- | face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, jik- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, ÝÑÒß 4, 172. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je.l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wind | face="Times New Roman Star"âåòåð | face="Times New Roman Star"jel (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je.l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|il | face="Times New Roman Star"je.l (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"l | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"c?il | face="Times New Roman Star"c?el | face="Times New Roman Star"jel, d/el | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"s/il | face="Times New Roman Star"sillie 'storm, whirlwind' |
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el | face="Times New Roman Star"z?el |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"z?el |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"z?el | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"jel | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, EDT 916-917, ÝÑÒß 4, 174-175, Ëåêñèêà 40. Bulg.> Hung. sze/l 'wind', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 705-706. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jEl(b)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of short coat | face="Times New Roman Star"âèä êîðîòêîé êóðòêè |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelek | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ile|n, z?|ilbe|ge|j | face="Times New Roman Star"jela"k (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ela"k |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jela"k, jela"n (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jelek (dial.), jelbegej |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|elek, z?|elbegej, dial. z?|elegej | face="Times New Roman Star"z?elek, z?elen|, z?elbegej, z?elegej | face="Times New Roman Star"jelen| | face="Times New Roman Star"jela"n, jelba"ga"j |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelek | face="Times New Roman Star"z?elek, z?elen|, z?elbegej |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelbegej | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 177, 178. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jelpi- / *jalpy- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to flap, winnow 2 to shake, sway 3 fan | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàõàòü, âåÿòü 2 òðÿñòè, êà÷àòü 3 âååð, îïàõàëî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelpit- 1 (caus.) (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpaze 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ilpe- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpi- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"lpu"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelpik 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpe- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?elbe-, c?albra- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelbi-, d/elbi- 1, jalbra- 2 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"salbyra:- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?elbi-, c?elwi- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|elpi-, z?|elbire- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?elpi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelpe- 1 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelpi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?elpi- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jelpi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 920, VEWT 182, 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 182. Derivation from *jel 'wind' is highly improbable (at the most we can speak of a secondary contamination of roots). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jem-u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to crush, destroy 2 to curse, reproach | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ïîðèöàòü, óïðåêàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- (OUygh.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jemu"r- (MK) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|imer- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jimir-, ju"mu"r- (R., Áóä.) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jimir- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"mu"r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"nebir- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jemir-, d/emir- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|m@w|r- 2, 1 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?emir- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|emir- 2, 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jemer- 1 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?emir- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jemir- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937, VEWT 197, ÝÑÒß 4, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 210. The meaning 'crush, destroy, widespread in modern languages, must be a secondary development from the original more abstract 'harm' (whence also 'curse, reproach'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jegn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sleeve | face="Times New Roman Star"ðóêàâ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen| (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|in | face="Times New Roman Star"jen| (Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen| | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"n| | face="Times New Roman Star"jin|, z?|in | face="Times New Roman Star"jeng (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen| | face="Times New Roman Star"n@n| | face="Times New Roman Star"nen|, na":s? | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"n|, d/en| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/avnú | face="Times New Roman Star"siex | face="Times New Roman Star"hiek, hien | face="Times New Roman Star"c?en| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en| | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en| | face="Times New Roman Star"jen| | face="Times New Roman Star"jen| | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|, zen| | face="Times New Roman Star"jen | face="Times New Roman Star"jeng, jen|g, jin| | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen|, jen|g | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197, TMN 4, 203, EDT 940, ÝÑÒß 4, 186, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 84, Stachowski 103. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je.n|- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to win | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîáåæäàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|in|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"n|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen-, jin- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?in|- | face="Times New Roman Star"nen|-, neg- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|-, d/en|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|g- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/@n- |
|
|
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen- | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|g-, jen/- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 942, ÝÑÒß 4, 187, Ëåêñèêà 576. Ramstedt's hypothesis of *jen|- being derived from *jeg- 'better, top' could be accepted, but the Ud. parallel din|e- makes it questionable. We prefer to regard -n|- here as the root consonant. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jen|gu"-l, jen|i-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"light | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåãêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"jenik, jo"n|u"l (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"n|u"l (Tefs., IM), jenik 'light', jeni- 'to become light' (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"jeni, ju"nu"l, jejni | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|in|el | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|gil (Sangl.), ju"ngu"l (MKypch. - Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|il | face="Times New Roman Star"jenik, jen|il | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ig (<*jen|ig) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ngu"l, jejin | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ni:k (< *jen|ik) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"d/en|il | face="Times New Roman Star"jin|gil, jejin | face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|múw|l |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:k (< *jen|ik) | face="Times New Roman Star"nin|es? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|il | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|il | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|il | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|el | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|gil, z?engil, zengil | face="Times New Roman Star"jilin | face="Times New Roman Star"jen|il, jen|gil, jenil | face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|il |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jen|il | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 948, 950, VEWT 198, ÝÑÒß 4, 188, 184, Ëåêñèêà 340. Turk. > Hung. gyenge 'weak', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"earth, land | face="Times New Roman Star"çåìëÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"jer (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je.r (MK), jer (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ir | face="Times New Roman Star"je.r (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"r | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir | face="Times New Roman Star"c?er (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"d/er | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"s/@r | face="Times New Roman Star"sir | face="Times New Roman Star"hir | face="Times New Roman Star"c?er | face="Times New Roman Star"c?er | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|er | face="Times New Roman Star"z?er | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"z?er | face="Times New Roman Star"jer/ | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"z?er | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 198, EDT 954, ÝÑÒß 4, 191-192, Ëåêñèêà 53, Stachowski 104-105. Bulg. > Hung. szer 'place' (in toponyms), see Sinor 1990. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e>.dn|e-r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"saddle | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåäëî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ed|er (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"eyer | face="Times New Roman Star"ije|r | face="Times New Roman Star"e.ger | face="Times New Roman Star"egar | face="Times New Roman Star"eg@(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"ha"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ejer | face="Times New Roman Star"izer | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"e:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@ner | face="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:r | face="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:r | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"e'zer (Ðàñ. ÔèË 183) | face="Times New Roman Star"e:r | face="Times New Roman Star"er | face="Times New Roman Star"ijer | face="Times New Roman Star"eja"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ijer | face="Times New Roman Star"je:r | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"en|er (Kakuk) | face="Times New Roman Star"er | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 63, VEWT 36, ÝÑÒß 1, 241-242, 658-659, Ëåêñèêà 539, Stachowski 261. Reflexes of the cluster are complicated by borrowings: e.g. Tuva, Tof. is < Khak. Turk. *edn|er-c?ak 'pack saddle' > MMong. in|g|irc?aq, WMong. jan|g|irc?aq id. (TMN 2, 128-129, Ùåðáàê 1997, 164, Àíèêèí 88). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jar- / *jer- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bat | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåòó÷àÿ ìûøü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jersgu", jerise (MK Chigil) | face="Times New Roman Star"jarasa, jarasyk | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-qanat | face="Times New Roman Star"jarasa (AH), jar-qanat (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|r-qano|t |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"jarasa | face="Times New Roman Star"jarasa (dial.), jarg|a:nat | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-xanat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jar-g|anat, d/ar-g|anat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/ara-s/erz/i | face="Times New Roman Star"sary: kynat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'sqy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar-g|anat | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar-qanat | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-g|anat | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-g|anat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jarasa | face="Times New Roman Star"jeri qanaty | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar-g|anat | face="Times New Roman Star"jeresen | face="Times New Roman Star"jar-qanat | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 972, VEWT 189, TMN 4, 143, ÝÑÒß 4, 140-141, Ëåêñèêà 168. The word is etymologically difficult because of the unclear suffix *-sa / *-se attested in early forms and some of the modern reflexes. In most modern languages the word is folk-etymologically rebuilt as *jary-Kiajnat 'film-wing' (or 'naked sparrow' in Chuv.). |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
